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Sexuality is something that is rarely discussed in contemporary modern Hindu society and is not always welcoming to the concept of Homosexuality, which is illegal in society for a brief period.
However ancient Vedic literature and a wide spectrum of Hindu deities portrayed the experience of homosexuality as natural. Kama Sutra breaks down the third gender civilians into categories that are still visible today. However, it is believed, after the Vedas were brought out by Brahma at the beginning of creation, Nandi ally of lord Shiva set aside the verse concerned with the sense of pleasure and sexuality and framed Kama Shastra.
Hinduism is never known to criminalize or ostracize homosexuality. Same-Sex relationships have been represented in Hindu society from Vedic times to the present time in a wide spectrum in the form of mythologies and sculpture. The walls of Khajuraho temple in the Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh says a lot about sexual practices.
Vedic literature divides the sex of humans into three categories according to the Prakriti of one. This categorization was based on the assessment of the Physical but on the Psychological body as well. These are Pums Prakriti (male), Stri Prakriti (female) and Tritiya Prakriti. Vedic society, neither mistreated nor denied basic rights to third gender- citizens. However, Caraka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Sabda-kalpa-drama and Narada-Samhita describe various impotent men and women.
The Sanskrit word Skandha describes an impotent male with the qualities and behaviour of a female transgender. Vedic culture allowed Transgender people their personal liberties and accommodate this gender civilians within its culture and this is depicted well in the Mahabharata story of Arjuna as Brihannala. Throughout Hindu and Vedic texts the description of deities and the Lord goes beyond the social construct and gender norms and demonstrates multiple amalgam of sex. Nevertheless few explicit examples among Hindu god portraying this concept exist. The following list of Hindu deities provides interesting examples of gender combinations.
Sri Ardhanarisvara The form of Shiva and Parvati worshipped for blessing in fertility and longevity. Sri Ayyapppa (son of Siva and Vishnu), Sri Iravan (Husband to Vishnu), Sri Gadadhara (Radha in male form), Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Radha and Krsna combined) Aravan festival which celebrates Sri Krsna as Mohini-murti-Ayyappa festival, Bahucara-Mata festival, Sri Bahucara-devi is the goddess and is admired by transgenders.
(Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu-Radha Krsna combined)Sri Arjuna, appearing in Mahabharat as Brihnnala, a transwoman, Maharaja Virata’s palace during his last year of exile setting an important example of acceptance and equality during Vedic society.
The acceptance of tritiya pakriti in Vedic time and accommodation has been well depicted in the form of art ,tradition ,writing but India’s line of descent into homophobia is different story to tell. However, India’s difficult past and foreign religions influence on the culture reveals its descending into homophobia and Puritanism. India’s grip when it comes to personal liberties has put questionmark to the Vedic roots and teachings of Vedic literature.
Despite the gap in tradition, culture modern third-gender types and terms correspond well to their Vedic counterpart. Western culture and science dealing with homosexual citizens and becoming more open to the same practices the same is expected for India to follow too.
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